Read & Teach

  Abstract Language policy and planning (LPP) is a mechanism of policy makers’ decisions and its implementation through documentational or non-documentational practices. This study has established a stance around the term ‘Language Policy and Evaluation (LPE)’, which includes documents related to the language policy. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate policy planning with regards to evaluation of policy document ‘National Education Policy (NEP) 2017’, by applying a proposed checklist on the basis of Haddad and Demsky’s (1995) framework for policy making and planning at macro-level. Therefore, the current study has critically investigated: how educational Language Policy in Pakistan is designed. For the analysis purpose, the policy document was collected through an online source. The findings of this study revealed that policy has mostly discussed the elements said by the modal at macro-level. The conclusion and educational implications of this study suggest stakeho...

Research   Variables This blog provides with a brief citation of research variables: dependent and independent variables.  Dependent Variables In any experimental research, the variables that depend upon other variables or effected by the other variables are considered to be as dependent variables. For instance, in ‘Effect of music on memorizing ability in language learning’, memorizing ability is the dependent variable. Independent Variables In contrast to dependent variables, the variables, which affect the other variables present in any research, considered as independent variables. As in in, ‘Effect of music on memorizing ability in language learning’, music is the independent variable. (Gay, Mills and Airasian, 2012, p. 152-153) References Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2012). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Pearson Higher Ed.